Medical-grade Stethoscope v2.0

This project is the work of a large team, including Alex Pavlosky, Jennifer Glauche, Spencer Chambers, Mahmoud Al-Alawi, Kliment Yanev, Carrie Wakem, Shaker Shaheen, Mohammed Khdair, Mohammed Abu Matar and Tarek Loubani. This project aims to create a research-validated stethoscope whose plans are available freely and openly. The goal is for the bell to cost ~USD$1-2 to produce, and the rest of the stethoscope to cost approximately the same. You can see the peer-reviewed publication relating to this stethoscope's validation here: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0193087 Currently, the stethoscope resulting from this project functions as well as the market gold standard, the Littmann Cardiology III. Bill of MaterialsPrinted parts: 1 stethoscope head (head.stl)2 ear tubes (eartube.stl)1 Y-piece (y_piece.stl)1 Spring (spring.stl)Other hardware: Some vendors are suggested. 40cm - 50cm Silicone 13mm (preferred) or 12mm OD, 8mm ID, 50 durometer 8MM I.D X 13MM O.D NGP60 Clear Translucent Silicone Hose Pipe Tubing (USD$7.34/meter)20cm Silicone 8mm (preferred) or 6mm OD, 4mm ID (cut into 10cm pieces), 60 durometer 4mm ID x 8mm ODDiaphragm: 40mm diameter cut from a report cover with approx 0.35mm plastic sheet Staples 21639 report cover (UPC 718103160223) (USD$8.84)You can cut the diaphragm by hand or with a stamp like this oneEarbuds / Eartips: Any large-sized standard earbuds will do.Silicone Earbuds 7 Pairs - Large sizeOptional hardware: Metal spring for holding ear tubes togetherPrint InstructionsINFILL MUST BE 100% INFILL MUST BE 100% INFILL MUST BE 100% INFILL MUST BE 100% Use PETG or ABSLayer height: 0.2mmUse PrusaSlicer 2.0 or above to import 3MF fileModify filament and printer settings as needed.DO NOT MODIFY PRINT SETTINGSExport and printTroubleshootingIf the spring and eartubes do not fit well, go ahead and scale the spring as neededIf the head and ring do not fit well, use caution as you may be modifying the acoustics. You can scale the head a little.NotesWe do not use PLA due to deformation in heat and poor plastic quality in the spring causing early failure. PLA may be used, but the lifetime of the stethoscope will decrease significantly.We do not use brims, but you may print the eartubes and Y-pieces with a brim of 2mm to ensure that none of the parts lift off.INFILL MUST BE 100% INFILL MUST BE 100% INFILL MUST BE 100%. Otherwise, the stethoscope will not produce a correct sound. Assembly InstructionsSee this instructional video for assembly instructions. Attach the diaphragm (40mm) to the stethoscope head.Attach the stethoscope head to the silicone tube.Attach the silicone tube to the Y-Piece.Attach spring to ear tubes.Attach the Y-piece to the ear tubes.Attach the ear tubes to the eartips / earbuds.Test the stethoscope as per the validation instructions.Printing the insertsThe inserts are included in the manual directory. Using 8.5 x 11 (Legal) paper, they can be printed at 8.25" page width with 95% scale for the top print and 90% scale for the bottom print using GIMP. The top insert is cut at 14.5cm and again at 1cm creating two labels of 13.5cm height. These inserts are printed on adhesive material. The bottom insert is cut at a width of 20cm with a height cuts at 25cm, 15cm, 13.5cm and 3.5cm creating 10cm x 20cm inserts. Changing and creating SCAD filesCrystalSCAD and OpenSCAD were used to create all STL files. To recreate the stethoscope head, simply do: gem install crystalscadruby source_files/stethoscope_head/stethoscope_head.rbThe SCAD files output from CrystalSCAD are found in source_files/stethoscope_head/output and are named as follows: PrintableStethoscopeHead1Assembly_output.scad - The headMass ManufacturingWe generally print 4 stethoscopes per plate to ensure that each stethoscope is created out of the same material. Our serial numbering system consists of two parts. The last number part is the total number of unique stethoscopes created since day 1. All numbers before that dash are spool identifiers involved in that stethoscope. For example: 001-010 would be the tenth stethoscope made with the first spool in our inventory. If the first spool makes a total of 15 stethoscopes, then the first stethoscope of the second spool would be 002-016. If the twentieth stethoscope uses plastic from spool 002 and spool 003, it would be 002-003-020. Other stethoscopesOthers have made 3D printed stethoscopes too. See: https://www.youmagine.com/designs/stethoscope-chestpieceLicensing notesAs per our understanding, hardware is not covered by copyright. However, we present our work under the TAPR OHL license insofar as it applies.